ROP severity and treatment rate during COVID-19 in UK

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown restrictions have significantly affected delivery of healthcare amongst UK hospitals. Some centres had reduced screening rates of pre mature babies, while others documented higher rates. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of first UK lockdown restrictions on ROP prevalence and treatment. Method(s): Participants were pre-mature babies born during UK first Lockdown between 23 March 2020 to 20th October 2020 at Royal London Hospital. They were identified using the national neonatal database (BadgerNet). Severity of ROP, birthweight, gestational age, treatment and total number were compared to same data in corresponding dates in 2019. Independent T test was used to compare the demographics and a chi-squared test was used to compare the prevalence of various stages of ROP between the two groups. Result(s): 107 babies were included,(2020 n = 51, 2019 n = 56). Although the mean birth wight in 2020 (991 g) was less than that in 2019 (1021grams), this was not significant (P = 0.6). More babies were born below 1000 g in 2020 (60%) compared to 2019 (53%) (P = 0.1). The mean gestational age (27 weeks) was equal in the two years (P = 0.7). 62.7% of babies in 2020 had grade 2 or more of ROP compared to 50% in 2019. Treatment rate was 14% in 2020 compared to 5 % in 2019 (P = 0.1). Conclusion/Relevance: Our pilot study showed no statistical significance in the prevalence of babies with ROP between 2019 and 2020, However we have subjectively noted younger and smaller babies during the lockdown, hence the higher treatment rate. Copyright © 2022

Computer-aided diagnosis system for Covid-19 by using deep transfer learning through X-ray images

COVID-19 pandemic is triggering a massive epidemic in more than 180 countries worldwide, causing chaos in many people's health and lives. Identifying infected patients early enough and placing them under special treatment is one of the most critical steps in combating COVID-19. RT-PCR is a standard test process. The test procedure is typically conducted by air samples collected using a nasopharyngeal swab. However, using a nasal swab or sputum extract is not always possible. Due to the shortage of testing kits, virus mutations, and a longer time to detect. In addition to laboratory tests, chest scans can help diagnose COVID-19 in people who have severe clinical concerns. So, classification through X-ray images could be beneficial. This experiment aims to analyze the X-Ray images as abnormal or not. The intention is to train a convolution neural network(CNN) to classify the image using different architectures such as Xception, Resnet-50, DenseNet-121, VGG-16. Test the Performance metrics for each model and train further based on the insight gained. The following is an experimental study where we repeatedly train better models based on the insights gained from the previous model. The models tested on test data, and most of the results achieved a sensitivity rate of 98 percent (± 2 %), With a specificity rate of around 98 percent. While the achieved results are auspicious, additional research in a broader collection of COVID-19 chest X-ray pictures is needed to estimate accuracy rates accurately. © 2021 IEEE.

Design and implementation of automatic hand sanitization technique using arduino and ultrasonic sensor

In this COVID-19 pandemic scenario hand hygiene has been the major important issue in order to stop the spread of the disease that mean human being needs to wash hands regularly with water and soap, can also sanitize using hand sanitizers. But the issue with the hand sanitizer before the pandemic is that we need to touch the hand sanitizer that will be a risk for spread of infection. To avoid direct contact and to increase the habit of hand wash this research paper had come with the solution, we are going to use the arduino board, Ultrasonic sensor is use to detect the hand and servo motor is use to pump the sanitizer. © 2021 Author(s).

Left ventricular thrombus in patients with COVID-19-A case series

Scarred culprit vessel territory secondary to nonreperfused myocardial infarctions (MIs), nonischemic cardiomyopathy, left ventricular (LV) noncompaction, endomyocardial fibrosis, and long-standing arrythmias are usually causes of LV thrombus (LVT) formation. However, in the setting of MI, large infarctions, apical akinesia or dyskinesia, LV aneurysms are often predisposed t'o the formation of LVT. The hypercoagulable or inflammatory disorder can rarely predispose to the formation of LVT. In early prethrombolytic and thrombolytic periods, LVT was present in 20%-50% of patients in the context of acute MI, more commonly in acute anterior or apical MI. While the incidence of LVT has dropped in recent times, its identification is expected to rise during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with chest pain are more likely to delay initial hospitalization because of a fear of contracting COVID-19. Infection with COVID-19 was associated with the remarkably hypercoagulable state which increased the risk of the early development of LVT in the setting of MI or underlying prethrombotic conditions. We present a series of four cases in which COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease were characterized by various configurations of large LVT.